How to install Perl on Unix/Linux. To build and install Perl and many of the thousands of useful Perl modules you need to have a compiler.

Perl module names correspond to a.pm file path out of a necessity -- not any specific rule of the languague, but because that's how perl finds them. This assumption can be used with apt-file search to determine which distro package, if any, contains that file: apt-file search '/Future/Utils.pm' There are a lot of modules with no package, however, and the easiest way to get those is directly from CPAN, for which the cpan utility provides an interactive interface. It is probably already installed if perl is. The first time you use it, it will ask to do a bit of auto-configuration. You probably want to su root first, so that you can install to the system rather than a user home, and so the cpan config is saved in the right place (root's home directory). Then you just install Future::Utils from the cpan prompt.

Installing a module this way may require build tools if there is XS code involved; cpan will let you know about this and tell you what you need to install first. You may also sometimes require specific libraries and the development header packages for them. You can have multiple versions of a module installed, one from a distro package and one from CPAN, since they go to different places by default. The CPAN one is what will get used, however, since its path takes precedence in the @INC array -- but you can change this or set $PERL5LIB (a shell environment, not perl, variable).

CPAN logo The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) is a of over 250,000 and accompanying documentation for 39,000 distributions, written in the by over 12,000 contributors. CPAN can denote either the archive network itself, or the Perl program that acts as an interface to the network and as an automated software installer (somewhat like a ). Most software on CPAN is. CPAN was conceived in 1993 and active online since October 1995. It is based on the model and began as a place to unify the structure of scattered Perl archives. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • Modules [ ] Like many, Perl has mechanisms to use external of code, making one file contain common routines used by several programs. Perl calls these modules.

Are typically installed in one of several whose are placed in the Perl when it is first; on, common paths include /usr/lib/perl5, /usr/local/lib/perl5, and several of their subdirectories. Perl comes with a small set of core modules.

Some of these perform bootstrapping tasks, such as ExtUtils::MakeMaker, which is used for building and installing other extension modules; others, like, are merely commonly used. Role [ ] The CPAN's main purpose is to help programmers locate modules and programs not included in the Perl standard distribution. Its structure is decentralized. Authors maintain and improve their own modules. Forking, and creating competing modules for the same task or purpose, is common. There is no formal bug tracking system, but there is a third-party bug tracking system that CPAN designated as the suggested official method of reporting issues with modules. Continuous development on modules is rare; many are abandoned by their authors, or go years between new versions being released.

Sometimes a maintainer will be appointed to an abandoned module. They can release new versions of the module, and accept patches from the community to the module as their time permits. CPAN has no, although the source for the modules is often stored on. Also, the complete history of the CPAN and all its modules is available as the GitPAN project, allowing to easily see the complete history for all the modules and for easy maintenance of forks.

CPAN is also used to distribute new versions of Perl, as well as related projects, such as. Structure [ ] Files on the CPAN are referred to as distributions. A distribution may consist of one or more modules, documentation files, or programs packaged in a common archiving format, such as a archive or a file. Distributions will often contain installation scripts (usually called Makefile.PL or Build.PL) and test scripts which can be run to verify the contents of the distribution are functioning properly.

New distributions are uploaded to the Perl Authors Upload Server, or PAUSE (see the section ). In 2003, distributions started to include metadata files, called META., indicating the distribution's name, version, dependencies, and other useful information; however, not all distributions contain metadata. When metadata is not present in a distribution, the PAUSE's software will usually try to analyze the code in the distribution to look for the same information; this is not necessarily very reliable. With thousands of distributions, CPAN needs to be structured to be useful. Distributions on the CPAN are divided into 24 broad chapters based on their purpose, such as and;,, And; and and News. Distributions can also be browsed by author.

Finally, the natural hierarchy of Perl module names (such as Apache::DBI or Lingua::EN::Inflect) can sometimes be used to browse modules in the CPAN. CPAN module distributions usually have names in the form of CGI-Application-3.1 (where the:: used in the module's name has been replaced with a dash, and the version number has been appended to the name), but this is only a convention; many prominent distributions break the convention, especially those that contain multiple modules. Security restrictions prevent a distribution from ever being replaced, so virtually all distribution names do include a.

Components [ ] Mirrors [ ] The distribution infrastructure of CPAN consists of its worldwide network of more than 250 mirrors in more than 60 countries. Each full mirror hosts around 20 of data. Most mirrors update themselves hourly, daily or bidaily from the CPAN master site. Some sites are major FTP servers which mirror lots of other software, but others are simply servers owned by companies that use Perl heavily.

There are at least two mirrors on every continent except Antarctica. Search engines [ ] Several search engines have been written to help Perl programmers sort through the CPAN.

The most popular and official is search.cpan.org, which includes textual search, a browsable index of modules, and extracted copies of all distributions currently on the CPAN. Testers [ ] CPAN Testers are a group of volunteers, who will download and test distributions as they are uploaded to CPAN. This enables the authors to have their modules tested on many platforms and environments that they would otherwise not have access to, thus helping to promote portability, as well as a degree of quality. Smoke testers send reports, which are then collated and used for a variety of presentation websites, including the main reports site, statistics and dependencies. Testing is centrally coordinated on www.cpantesters.org.

CPAN.pm and CPANPLUS [ ] There is also a Perl core module named CPAN; it is usually differentiated from the repository itself by using the name CPAN.pm. CPAN.pm is mainly an interactive shell which can be used to search for, download, and install distributions. An interactive shell called cpan is also provided in the Perl core, and is the usual way of running CPAN.pm.

After a short configuration process and mirror selection, it uses tools available on the user's computer to automatically download, unpack, compile, test, and install modules. It is also capable of updating itself.

More recently, an effort to replace CPAN.pm with something cleaner and more modern has resulted in the CPANPLUS (or CPAN++) set of modules. CPANPLUS separates the back-end work of downloading, compiling, and installing modules from the interactive shell used to issue commands. It also supports several advanced features, such as cryptographic signature checking and test result reporting. Finally, CPANPLUS can uninstall a distribution. CPANPLUS was added to the Perl core in version 5.10.0.

Both modules can check a distribution's and can be set to recursively install any, either automatically or with individual user approval. Both support FTP and HTTP and can work through firewalls and proxies.

Uploading distributions with PAUSE [ ] Authors can upload new distributions to the CPAN through the Perl Authors Upload Server (PAUSE). To do so, they must request a PAUSE account. Dbf Manager Full Cracked Idm.

Once registered, they may use a web interface at, or an interface to upload files to their directory and delete them. PAUSE will warn an administrator if a user uploads a module that already exists, unless they are listed as a co-maintainer. This can be specified through PAUSE's web interface. Influence [ ] Experienced Perl programmers often comment that half of Perl's power is in the CPAN. It has been called Perl's. It is roughly equivalent to the and for; the (Python Package Index) repository for; for; for; for; for; and for.

Other major languages, such as and, have nothing similar to the CPAN (though for Java there is central ). Given its importance to the Perl developer community, the CPAN both shapes and is shaped. Its 'self-appointed master librarian',, often takes part in the jokes; on 1 April 2002 the site was temporarily named to CJAN, where the 'J' stood for 'Java'. In 2003, the www.cpan.org domain name was redirected to, a site infamous in the Perl community for having badly written code. Some of the distributions on the CPAN are distributed as jokes.

The:: hierarchy is reserved for joke modules; for instance, Acme::Don't adds a don't function that doesn't run the code given to it (to complement the do built-in, which does). Even outside the Acme:: hierarchy, some modules are still written largely for amusement; one example is Lingua::Romana::Perligata, which can be used to write Perl programs in a subset of Latin. Derivative works [ ] In 2005, a group of Perl developers who also had an interest in JavaScript got together to create, the JavaScript Archive Network. The JSAN is a near-direct port of the CPAN infrastructure for use with the JavaScript language, which for most of its lifespan did not have a cohesive 'community'. In 2008, after a chance meeting with CPAN admin at the Open Source Developers Conference, Linux kernel developer created the CCAN, the Comprehensive C Archive Network. The CCAN is a direct port of the CPAN architecture for use with the C language. References [ ].

Retrieved 2016-01-27. Most, though not all, modules on CPAN are licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) or the Artistic license. I propose that we cooperate to create a unified structure, much like the CTAN project which has managed to create a collection of canonical sites for TeX •. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

Retrieved 2010-05-09. Retrieved 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-04-25.

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